How to Ship LTL Freight

Shipping Less Than Truckload (LTL) freight is one of the most cost-efficient ways to move goods that do not require a full trailer. It allows multiple shipments from different businesses to share space on one truck, reducing overall transport costs.

This guide breaks down how to ship LTL freight with clear steps, practical tips, and key decisions that affect pricing, transit time, and risk.

What Is LTL Freight Shipping?

LTL freight shipping refers to moving shipments that do not fill an entire trailer. Instead of paying for unused space, your freight shares capacity with other shipments heading in a similar direction.

This model works best for:

Shipments between 150 lbs and 15,000 lbs
Palletized or crated goods
Regular distribution with flexible timelines

LTL relies on a hub-and-spoke system. Freight is picked up, moved through terminals, and consolidated with other shipments before final delivery.

This structure reduces cost but increases handling, which is why preparation matters.

When Should You Choose LTL Shipping?

Choosing LTL shipping is a strategic decision based on cost, urgency, and shipment size.

Ideal Use Cases

LTL is suitable when:

Your freight does not fill a full truck
You want to reduce transportation costs
Delivery time is flexible
Your goods can handle multiple handling points

When LTL May Not Be the Best Option

Avoid LTL when:

Freight is fragile or high-value without proper packaging
Delivery deadlines are strict
You require direct, non-stop transport

In these cases, Full Truckload (FTL) may be more appropriate.

Step-By-Step: How to Ship LTL Freight

Shipping LTL freight involves more than booking a truck. Each step directly impacts cost, transit time, and risk.

1. Measure and Classify Your Freight

Accurate details are critical. Carriers price shipments based on weight, dimensions, and freight class.

You need to provide:

Weight (in pounds)
Dimensions (length, width, height)
Number of pallets
Freight class

Freight class is determined by:

Density
Handling requirements
Liability risk

Incorrect classification leads to reclassification fees, which increase your final cost. For the full density formula and a class-by-class reference chart, see our guide to determining freight class.

2. Package and Palletize Properly

LTL freight moves through multiple terminals. Proper packaging protects your shipment from damage.

Best practices:

Use sturdy pallets (standard 48″ x 40″)
Stack evenly and secure with shrink wrap
Avoid overhang to prevent damage
Use corner protectors for stability

If your freight shifts or collapses, it may be refused or damaged in transit.

3. Label Your Shipment Clearly

Every pallet must be labelled for accurate routing.

Include:

Shipping and delivery addresses
Contact information
Bill of Lading (BOL) reference
Handling instructions if needed

Clear labelling reduces delays and misrouting.

4. Choose the Right Carrier or Logistics Partner

Not all carriers offer the same service levels. This is where working with an experienced logistics provider matters.

RoadLINX provides:

Access to multiple LTL carriers
Cross-border expertise between Canada and the United States
Real-time tracking systems
Warehousing and distribution support

Instead of managing multiple carriers, a logistics partner helps match your shipment with the best option based on cost and transit time.

5. Get a Freight Quote

LTL pricing is dynamic and depends on several variables.

Key factors include:

Distance and route
Freight class
Fuel surcharges
Accessorial services

Common accessorial charges:

Liftgate service
Residential delivery
Inside delivery
Appointment scheduling

Always review the quote carefully to avoid unexpected fees.

6. Prepare the Bill of Lading (BOL)

The Bill of Lading is the most important shipping document.

It includes:

Shipper and consignee details
Freight description
Class and weight
Special instructions

This document acts as:

A contract between shipper and carrier
A receipt of goods
A tracking reference

Errors in the BOL can lead to delays or disputes.

7. Schedule Pickup and Track Your Shipment

Once everything is ready:

Book your pickup
Confirm pickup window
Ensure freight is accessible

After pickup, use tracking tools to monitor progress.

Modern logistics providers offer real-time visibility, allowing you to manage delivery expectations and respond to delays quickly.

Key Factors That Affect LTL Freight Costs

Understanding pricing helps you control your shipping budget.

Freight Class: Higher classes cost more due to increased handling or risk.
Distance and Route: Longer distances and complex routes increase costs.
Density: Denser shipments are cheaper per pound.
Accessorial Services: Additional services can significantly increase total cost.
Fuel Surcharges: These fluctuate based on market conditions.

How to Reduce LTL Shipping Costs

Cost control starts with better planning.

Optimize Packaging – Reduce wasted space and increase density.
Consolidate Shipments – Combine multiple smaller shipments into one.
Avoid Accessorial Fees – Use commercial locations when possible.
Plan Ahead – Avoid expedited shipping unless necessary.
Work With a Logistics Partner – Experienced providers can negotiate better rates and optimize routes.

Related Article: What Is the Cost of LTL Shipping?

Common Mistakes to Avoid

LTL shipping issues often come from avoidable errors.

Incorrect freight class

Poor packaging
Missing labels
Incomplete documentation
Ignoring accessorial costs

LTL Shipping for Cross-Border Freight

Shipping between Canada and the United States adds complexity.

You need to manage:

Customs documentation
Duties and taxes
Regulatory compliance

Working with a provider that handles cross-border logistics simplifies the process. RoadLINX supports customs clearance, documentation, and compliance to ensure smooth transit across borders.

Without proper coordination, shipments can be delayed at the border, increasing costs and affecting delivery schedules.

How Warehousing Supports LTL Shipping

Warehousing plays a key role in efficient LTL logistics.

Benefits include:

Freight consolidation before shipping
Short-term storage for inventory control
Faster regional distribution
Reduced transportation costs

Using integrated warehousing and shipping services improves coordination across your supply chain.

Choosing the Right LTL Strategy for Your Business

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to LTL shipping.

Your strategy should align with:

Shipment frequency
Delivery timelines
Product type
Cost targets

Businesses that treat LTL as a structured process, rather than a one-off task, see better results in cost control and delivery reliability.

Move Freight Smarter With The Right Partner

Shipping LTL freight is not just about booking space on a truck. It requires accurate data, proper packaging, and the right logistics strategy.

Working with an experienced provider like RoadLINX gives you access to carrier networks, real-time tracking, and cross-border expertise. This reduces risk, improves efficiency, and helps you control costs.

If you are ready to streamline your LTL shipping process, connect with RoadLINX today and get a tailored freight solution that fits your business needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does LTL freight shipping take?

Transit time depends on distance, route, and the number of terminals involved. Regional shipments may take 1 to 3 days, while cross-border or long-haul deliveries can take 5 to 10 days. Because LTL involves multiple stops and transfers, it is generally slower than Full Truckload shipping.

What is freight class, and why does it matter?

Freight class is a standardized system used to price LTL shipments. It is based on density, handling, liability, and stowability. Classes range from 50 to 500. Lower classes cost less. Incorrect classification often leads to reweighs and added charges, so accuracy is critical when booking.

Do I need a pallet for LTL shipping?

In most cases, yes. Palletizing helps protect your freight and allows for easier handling during terminal transfers. Non-palletized freight may be accepted, but it increases the risk of damage and may result in additional handling fees.

What happens if my freight gets damaged?

If damage occurs, you must file a freight claim with the carrier. This requires proper documentation, including photos, the Bill of Lading, and proof of value. Strong packaging and accurate labelling reduce the likelihood of damage and improve claim outcomes.

Can LTL freight be shipped cross-border?

Yes, LTL freight can move between Canada and the United States. However, it requires proper customs documentation, including commercial invoices and shipping details. Working with a logistics provider simplifies the process and helps avoid delays at the border.

What are accessorial charges in LTL shipping?

Accessorial charges are additional fees for services beyond standard pickup and delivery. These include liftgate service, residential delivery, inside delivery, and appointment scheduling. These costs can add up, so it is important to identify them upfront when requesting a quote.

How can I track my LTL shipment?

Most carriers and logistics providers offer tracking through a shipment reference or Bill of Lading number. Advanced systems provide real-time updates, allowing you to monitor your freight, anticipate delivery times, and respond quickly to any delays.

What Is LTL Freight Shipping?